Independently of his economic rights (see Article 8) and even after assignment of such
rights, the author of a work shall have the right to:
(i) claim authorship of his work, in particular the right to have his name affixed to copies of his
work and, wherever possible and in the usual manner, in relation for any public use of his
work;
(ii) remain anonymous or to use a pseudonym;
(iii) oppose any distortion, mutilation or other modification of his work or any other action
derogatory to it where such action might be prejudicial to his honor or reputation.
The rights referred to in this Article shall hereinafter be referred to as “moral rights”.
Article 8 – Economic Rights
Subject to the provisions of Articles 9 to 21, the author of a work shall enjoy the exclusive
right to perform or authorize the following acts:
(i) reproduce his work;
(ii) translate his work;
(iii) adapt, arrange or otherwise transform his work;
(iv) distribute copies of his work to the public by means of sale or any other transfer of
ownership or by rental or by public loan;
(v) import copies of his work, even if the imported copies were made with his authorization or
that of another holder of copyright;
(vi) perform his work in public;
(vii) communicate his work (including performance or broadcast) to the public by
broadcasting and/or retransmission);
(viii) communicate his work (including performance or broadcasting) to the public by cable or
by any other means.
The rights referred to in this Article shall hereinafter be referred to as “economic rights”.
Chapter IV: Restriction of Economic Rights
(A) FREE USES
Article 9 - Free Reproduction for Private Purposes
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8, and subject to those of paragraph (2) and
those of Article 21, it shall be permitted, without the consent of the author and without
payment of remuneration, to reproduce a lawfully published work exclusively for the private
use of the user.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to:
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