Article 115: The natural or nominal person who undertakes the initial record of assembled
animated images accompanied or not with sounds shall be considered a producer of audio and
video recording in accordance with Article 107 herein.
Article 116: The producer of audio-video recording shall have the right to license, as per terms
specified in a written contract, the reproduction of his audio-video recording and notify it to the
public by whatever means subject to the copyrights of works included in the audio-video
recording.
Upon his assignment, the producer of audio-video recordings may not separate between his
rights in the audio-video recording and the rights he obtains from authors and performers who
perform or play works established in the audio-video recording.
Article 117: The entity which broadcasts, by any of wireless transmission methods, signals
bearing sounds or sounds and images or distributes them by optical wire or fiber or any other
cable for the purpose of receiving programs broadcasted to the public shall be considered an
audio or audio-video broadcasting organization in accordance with Article 107 herein.
Article 118: The audio-video broadcasting organization shall have the right to license, as per
terms specified in a written contract, rebroadcasting and establishing record of its broadcasted
shares, reproducing its established broadcasted shares and notifying its televised shares to the
public, subject to the copyrights of works included in the programs.
Article 119: The performer or musician and producer of audio recording shall be entitled to a
reward when he uses an audio recording published for business purposes or a copy thereof
directly for audio or audio-video broadcasting or to convey it to the public by any means.
The National Bureau of Copyrights and Neighboring Rights shall collect the royalty incurred due
to the reward entitlement in favor of the performer or musician and producer of audio recordings
from audio or audio-video broadcasting organizations or users concerned with their
performances.
The royalty that covers all relevant utilization forms shall be usually calculated in proportion to
revenues of utilizing performances produced by the rights owner. Moreover, it shall be arbitrarily
calculated in the cases provided for in Article 65 herein.
The terms of royalty calculation and level shall be determined by a decision of the Minister of
Culture after consultation with the representative of relevant rights owner.
The royalty shall be distributed at 50% to the performer or musician and 50% to the audio
recording producer.
Chapter Two
Exceptions and Neighboring Rights Limits
Article 120: The prior license rights recognized for the performer or musician, producer of audio
or audio-video recordings and audio or audio-video broadcasting organizations shall be subject
to the same exceptions associated with the author’s exclusive rights provided for in Articles 2940 herein.