Furthermore, the transcribed or summarized
texts may not be so extensive that they
prejudice interest in the work cited.
2. The transcription of extracts or fragments from
the literary or musical works of others shall be
permitted in anthologies for use in schools,
under the terms of and within the limits
referred to in the preceding paragraph. Should
a transcription exceed those limits, the author
shall have the right to fair recompense.
Daily news items and reports of events constituting
simple news stories published in newspapers or other
periodicals may be freely reproduced.
CHAPTER II
Unrestricted Use
Article 181
Organs of the press are free to reproduce speeches and
other statements made in public, on the condition that
the name of the author and the date and location at
which the speech/statement was made are indicated.
Article 182
The provisions of the preceding article shall extend to
conferences held at venues where representatives of
the press were admitted, unless the author specifically
states otherwise. In this event, only extracts may be
reproduced.
Article 183
1. Lectures delivered by academics may only be
published by third parties with the author’s
authorization, even if they are presented as the
personal responsibility of the person
publishing them or they have been obtained
through stenographic notetaking.
2. Any use for an audience other than students
shall require special authorization.
3. The provisions of Article 3 of this Code shall
apply to the reproduction of lectures carried
out in accordance with this Article.
Article 184
The performance of hymns or officially adopted
patriotic songs, of works of a religious nature during
religious services or acts, as well as that of work
included in educational programs or books, when
integrated in teaching, shall not be dependent on the
authorization of the authors, who shall have no right to
remuneration in such cases.
Article 185
1. Authors of any text shall have the right to
transcribe or summarize in their work, extracts
of others’ works in support of their own
doctrines or for the purposes of criticism,
discussion or teaching, as long as such extracts
are distinguished from their own text and the
works from which the transcribed or
summarized texts are taken and the name of
the corresponding author are indicated.
Article 186
The reproduction of the work of another person under
the pretext of commentary or annotation without the
authorization of the author shall not be permitted.
However, it is lawful to publish separately comments
or annotations of one’s own with simple references to
chapters, paragraphs or pages included in another
author’s work.
Article 187
An author who reproduces in book or pamphlet form
articles or letters he has written as a part of an
exchange of views involving another person and that
have been published in newspapers or magazines may
also reproduce his adversary’s responses. The
adversary in question shall have the same right, even
after the publication by the former.
Article 188
The provisions in force concerning letters shall be
applicable to letters constituting protected intellectual
works, including letters that have already fallen into
the public domain. However, this shall not apply to
official correspondence, or to the epistolary
correspondence of historical figures or figures of high
scientific or literary renown, if that correspondence is
not absolutely of a confidential nature and is of interest
in that it clarifies historic or biographical events or is
an example of a high value literary or artistic form.
TITLE IV
Registration
Article 189
1. The following shall be subject to registration:
a. all acts involving the total or partial
transfer of copyright;
b. acts involving the putting up of
collateral under the terms of Article
48;
c. Acts of seizure and attachment of
copyright;
28