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work that has been lawfully published:
((a) the reproduction, translation, adaptation, arrangement or other transformation of
such a work exclusively for the producer’s own personal or private use;
(b) the inclusion of nonsubstantial quotations from another work, including
quotations from newspaper articles and periodicals in the form of press summaries,
provided that such quotations are compatible with fair practice and their extent does
not exceed that justified by the purpose, and the source and the name of the author
of the cited work are mentioned in the work in which the quotation is included;
(c) the use of the work by way of illustration in publications, broadcasts or sound or
visual recordings for teaching to the extent justified by the intended purpose, or
communication for teaching purposes of the work broadcast for use in schools,
educational establishments, universities and vocational training, provided that such
use is compatible with fair practice and that the source and the name of the author of
the work are mentioned in the publication, broadcast or recording;
(d) the public performance of a work:
• 1. at official ceremonies, to the extent that this is justified by the nature of such
ceremonies;
or
• 2. in the framework of the teaching activities of a teaching establishment;
(e) The reproduction by a photographic or similar process by public libraries, non
commercial documentation centers, scientific institutions and educational
establishments, of literary, artistic or scientific works which have already been
lawfully made available to the public, provided that the number of copies made is
limited to the needs of their regular activities and that such reproduction does not
conflict with the normal uses of the work nor unreasonably prejudices the legitimate
interests of the author;
(f) The reproduction in the press or the communication to the public of:
((1) any political speech or any speech delivered during legal proceedings; any
lecture, address, sermon or other work of the same nature delivered in public,
provided that the use is exclusively for the purpose of current information and to the
extent justified by the intended purpose. The author shall retain the right to publish
collections of such works;
((2) In the case of an article published in newspapers or periodicals on economic,
political or religious topics, and in the case of the broadcast of any work of the same
character, in cases where the right of reproduction, broadcast or communication to
the public is not explicitly reserved;
(g) For the purpose of reporting on current events by means of photography,
cinematography, broadcast or communication by wire to the public, the reproduction
or making available to the public, to the extent justified by the informative purpose, of
any work that can be seen or heard in the course of the said current event;
(h) The reproduction of works of art or of architecture through cinematography or
television and the communication of such works to the public if such works are
permanently located in a place where they can be viewed by the public or are
included in the film or program by way of background or as incidental to the essential
matters represented;
(i) The production of a copy or adaptation of software by the legitimate owner,
provided that the copy or adaptation is:
• necessary for archiving and to replace the legally held copy in the event of it being
lost, destroyed or rendered unusable, or
• necessary for using the computer program for purposes for which it was obtained,
and that any copy or adaptation is destroyed where the prolonged ownership of the
copy of the computer program ceases to be lawful.
Art.55. Translation license
(1) If, after the expiration of a period of one year from the date of the first publication