e24702_SN004
Translated from French
12
6. works of the visual arts, including works of drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture,
engraving and lithography, photographic works and works of applied art such as
creations of fashion, weaving, ceramics, woodwork, ironwork or jewelry;
7. geographical maps and plans, sketches and three-dimensional works relating to
geography, topography, architecture and science.
Article 7. Originality. – 1. Works of the mind may enjoy protection only if they are
original.
2. "Originality" means the stamp of the author's personality.
Article 8. Derivative works. – 1. A work derived from a pre-existing work shall give
rise to copyright if it is original.
2. Translations and adaptations shall be protected under this Article.
3. The same shall apply to anthologies and collections of miscellaneous works or data,
such as databases, whether in machine-readable or any other form, which, by reason of
the selection or arrangement of their contents, constitute original works.
Chapter II. – Exclusions from copyright protection
Article 9. Official texts. – Copyright protection under the present Law shall not extend
to official texts of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature or to official translations
thereof.
Article 10. Ideas. – Copyright protection under the present Law shall not extend to
ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.
Article 11. Information. – Copyright protection under the present Law shall not extend
to mere information, in particular the news of the day.
Title III. – Copyright owners
Chapter I. – Principles
Article 12. Initial ownership by the natural person who created the work. – The
author of a work shall be the natural person who created it.
Article 13. Effect of marriage arrangements. – Where the author is married in
community of property, he shall retain moral rights and economic rights; royalties from
the exploitation of his works shall become common property.
Article 14. Presumption arising from disclosure. - Authorship shall belong, unless
proved otherwise, to the person under whose name the work is disclosed.
Article 15. Derivative works. – Copyright in a derivative work under Article 8 shall be
exercised subject to the copyright arising from the pre-existing work.