Article 8
Interpretation
For the purposes of this Annex:
(a) “weakening of the image or reputation” means lessening the distinctive character or
advertising value of a trademark, a trade name or other distinctive sign of an enterprise, of the
external appearance of a product or of the get-up of products or services, or of a famous
person or a well-known fictional character;
(b) “industrial or commercial activities” also means activities of the liberal professions;
(c) “external appearance of a product” means the packaging, shape, color or other nonfunctional characteristics of products;
(d) “trademarks” means marks relating to products, marks relating to services and
marks relating to both products and services;
(e) “practice” means not only an act in the strict sense, but also any omission to
perform an act;
(f) “presentation of products or services” means advertising, in particular;
(g) “distinctive sign of an enterprise” covers the whole range of signs, symbols,
emblems, logos, slogans, etc., used by an enterprise in the course of industrial or commercial
activities, to lend a certain identity to the enterprise and to the products it manufactures or the
services it provides.
[Annex IX follows.]