OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC
August 2, 1991
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Art. 19 – No third party may carry out one of the acts referred to in Article 18 above without the
written authorization of the author, his successors or the copyright management body.
Any reproduction or partial or complete performance carried out without the consent of the
author, his successors or the copyright management body shall be unlawful.
SECTION V:
GENERAL LIMITATIONS TO COPYRIGHT
Art. 20 – When the work has been lawfully made accessible to the public, the author may not
prevent it from being used as follows:
1 communication such as performance or broadcast:
(a) if these are private, carried out exclusively within the family circle, and give rise to no form
of revenue:
(b) if these are carried out free of charge and for strictly educational or teaching purposes or
during a religious service in premises reserved for that end;
2 –reproduction, translations and adaptations, designed for strictly personal and private use;
3 – parody, pastiche and caricature, taking account of the laws of the genre.
Art. 21 – Provided that the title of the work and name of the author are mentioned, the following
shall be lawful: short quotations and analyses taken from a work already lawfully made available
to the public, in accordance with the fair practice of the profession and to the extent justified by
the scientific, critical, polemical, teaching or information purpose, including quotations from
articles from newspapers and periodicals in the form of press reviews.
Such quotations and analyses may be used in the original version or in translation.