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Art.14. (1) For an anonymous or pseudonymous published work, the rights shall be
protected until the date when such a work was lawfully made available to the public
for the first time. However, Article 12 shall apply if the identity of the author is
revealed or if there is no doubt about the real identity of the author before the expiry
of that period.
(2) The periods provided for in the previous paragraph shall only apply when the
work has been made accessible to the public before the expiry of a period of 50
years after it was made, failing which the protection shall end at the expiry of the
latter period.
Art.15. (1) For a cinematographic work, the rights shall be protected until the expiry
of a period of 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to
the public with the author’s consent.
(2) The period provided for in the previous paragraph shall only apply when the work
has been made accessible to the public before the expiry of a period of 50 years after
it was made, failing which the
protection shall end at the expiry of the latter period.
Art.16. For a photographic work or work of applied art, the rights shall be protected
for 25 years from the production of the work.
Art.17. For posthumous works, the rights shall belong to the author’s successors in
title for a period of 50 years from the production of the work, provided that the work
has been disclosed during this period. Posthumous works disclosed to the public
after the expiry of this period shall be protected for 25 years from the date of
disclosure. In such cases, the right of exploitation shall belong to the owners of the
manuscripts or originals associated with the work and who carry out the publication
or arrange for it to be carried out.
Posthumous works must be published separately, except where they represent just a
fragment of a previously published work.
Art.18. The periods provided for in the previous articles relating to author protection
shall run to the end of the calendar year when they are due to expire.
Chapter 4 – Owners of copyright
Art.19. Principles
(1) Unless the Law states otherwise, the author of the work shall own the copyright.
(2) The author of a work shall be the person who created it.
Art.20. Presumption of authorship
(1) Authorship shall belong, unless proved otherwise, to the person or persons under
whose name the work has been disclosed.
(2) In the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, the publisher whose name
appears on the work shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to
represent the author, and in this capacity he shall be entitled to protect and enforce
the author's rights. The provisions of this paragraph shall cease
to apply when the author reveals his identity and establishes his claim to authorship
of the work or, for a pseudonymous work, where the pseudonym adopted by the
author leaves no doubt as to his identity.