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(25) A “phonogram” means any physical media containing sounds reproduced directly or
indirectly from a phonogram and which incorporates all or part of the sounds fixed on this
phonogram.
(26) A “phonogram producer” means the natural person or legal entity that takes the initiative
and assumes responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds originating from a performance,
or other sounds or representations of sounds.
(27) The “fixation” means the embodiment of images, sounds, or images and sounds, or a
performance thereof, allowing them to be seen, reproduced or communicated by means of a
device.
YH
CHAPTER II
Subjects of Protection
General Provisions
Article 2
All authors shall enjoy the rights specified in this Law in relation to their literary or artistic
works.
The protection resulting from the rights specified in the previous paragraph (hereinafter
“protection”) shall begin as soon as the work is created, even if the work is not fixed on a
physical media.
Works
Article 3
This Law shall apply to the literary and artistic works (hereinafter “works”) which are original
intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field, such as:
(a) works expressed in writing;
(b) computer programs;
(c) lectures, addresses, sermons and other works consisting of words or expressed
orally;
(d) musical works, irrespective of whether they contain accompanying texts;
(e) dramatic and dramatico-musical works;
(f) choreographic works and mimed works;
(g) audiovisual works including cinematographic works and videograms;
(h) works of fine art, including drawings, paintings, engravings, lithographs, printing
on leather and all other works of fine art;
(i) works of architecture;
(j) photographic works;
(k) works of applied art;
(l) illustrations, maps, plans, sketches and three-dimensional works relating to
geography, topography, architecture or science;
(m) expressions of folklore and works inspired by folklore;
(n) drawings of garment industry designs.
Protection shall be independent of the mode or form of expression, quality and aim of
the work.
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