Article 24
Term of Protection for Anonymous
and Pseudonymous Works
The economic rights in a work published anonymously or under a pseudonym shall be
protected until the expiry of a period of seventy years as from the end of the calendar year in
which such work has been lawfully published for the first time or, failing such event
occurring during the seventy years following the making of the work, seventy years as from
the end of the calendar year in which such work has been lawfully made accessible to the
public or, failing such event occurring during the seventy years following the making of the
work, seventy years as from the end of the calendar year of its making, except where, prior to
the expiry of such periods, the identity of the author is disclosed or leaves no doubt, in which
case the provisions of Article 22 or Article 23 shall apply.
Article 25
Term of Protection for Collective
and Audiovisual Works
The economic rights in a collective work or in an audiovisual work shall be protected
until the expiry of a period of seventy years as from the end of the calendar year in which
such work has been lawfully published for the first time or, failing such event occurring
during the period of seventy years as from the making of the work, seventy years as from the
end of the calendar year in which such work has been made accessible to the public or, failing
such event occurring during the period of seventy years as from the making of the work,
seventy years as from the end of the calendar year of its making.
Article 26
Term of Protection for Works of Applied Art
The economic rights in a work of applied art shall be protected until the expiry of a
period of 25 years as from the making of such work.
Article 27
Calculation of Terms
In this Chapter, each time limit shall expire at the end of the calendar year during which
it would normally lapse.
Chapter VI
Ownership of Rights
Article 28
Ownership of Rights: General
The author of a work shall be the first owner of the moral and economic rights in his
work.
Article 29
Ownership of Rights in Works of Joint Authorship
The joint authors of a work of joint authorship shall be the first joint owners of the
moral and economic rights in that work. However, if a work of joint authorship may be
divided into independent parts, that is to say if the parts of such work may be reproduced,
performed or otherwise used separately, the joint authors shall enjoy independent rights in