OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC
August 2, 1991
____________________________________________________________________________________
LIMITS OF PROTECTION
Art. 109 – The provisions concerning the protection of related rights in this Law shall not be
applicable when the acts referred to in these provisions are carried out:
(a) for private use;
(b) for reports of news events, provided that only short fragments of a performance of a
phonogram or broadcast program are used;
(c) for single usage for teaching or scientific research purposes in conditions laid down by
Article 110 below;
(d) for quotations in the form of short fragments of a performance, phonogram or broadcast
program, provided that such quotations are in accordance with proper practice and are justified
by their information purpose;
(e) for any other purposes constituting exceptions relating to copyrightprotected works pursuant
to this Law.
Art. 110 –The Minister for Culture shall issue licenses for the production of copies of
phonograms when such reproduction is intended for the exclusive use of teaching or scientific
research, is carried out and distributed in Togo to the exclusion of any export of copies, and
includes for the phonogram producer fair remuneration set by that Ministry, taking particular
account of the number of copies to be made and distributed.
Art. 111 – The authorizations required by Articles 96, 103, 106 and 107 to make fixations of
performances and broadcast programs and reproduce these fixations and phonograms published
for retail shall not be required when the fixation or reproduction is carried out by a broadcast
organization using its own means and for its own broadcasts, provided that: