OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC
August 2, 1991
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5. “producer of phonograms” means the natural person who, or the legal entity which, first
fixes the sounds from a performance or other sounds;
6. “publication” means the offering of sufficient copies of a phonogram to the public;
7. “distribution to the public” means any act whose purpose is to offer a phonogram or
copies thereof, directly or indirectly, to the general public or any part thereof;
8. “broadcasting” means the transmission of sounds or of sounds and images by means of
radioelectric waves for public reception;
9. “rebroadcasting” means the simultaneous broadcasting by one broadcasting
organization of a broadcast by another broadcasting organization;
10. “reproduction” means the making of a copy or copies of a fixation or a substantial part
of that fixation.
CHAPTER II:
ACTS SUBJECT TO AUTHORIZATION FROM PERFORMERS
Art. 96 Without the authorization of the performers, no person shall perform any of the
following acts:
(a) broadcasting of their performance, except when the broadcast:
(1) is made from a fixation of the performance other than a fixation made pursuant to Article
111 below;
(2) is a rebroadcast authorized by the broadcast organization that transmitted the first
performance;