OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC
August 2, 1991
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However, no derogatory action may be undertaken with respect to the integrity or the authorship
of such works. The royalties for these works shall be paid to the Copyright Office of Togo
(BUTODRA).
The countries for which the reciprocity condition provided for in the second paragraph of this
Article is deemed to be fulfilled shall be decided upon jointly by the Minister for Culture and the
Minister for Foreign Affairs.
TITLE II:
RELATED RIGHTS
CHAPTER I:
DEFINITIONS
Art. 95 – Under the terms of this Law:
1. ”performers” means actors, singers, musicians, dancers and other persons who act,
sing, deliver, declaim, play in, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works;
2. “fixation” means the embodiment of sounds, images, or both in a material form
sufficiently permanent or stable to permit them to be perceived, reproduced, or
otherwise communicated, during the period provided for under Article 27(1) of this
Law;
3. “phonogram” means any exclusively aural fixation of sounds from a performance or
other sounds;
4. “ copy of a phonogram” means any medium containing sounds taken directly or
indirectly from a phonogram and incorporating all or a substantial part of the sounds
fixed on this phonogram;