OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE TOGOLESE REPUBLIC
August 2, 1991
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(4) collective works.
In the event of a staggered publication of a collective work, the period shall run from January 1
of the year following the publication of each part.
However, if the publication is completed within 20 years from the publication of the first part,
the term of the exclusive right for the entire work shall cease to be only at the end of the fiftieth
year following the year of publication of the final part.
(b) for 25 years from the end of the year of death of the author in the case of photographic works
or applied arts.
Art. 38 The economic rights of the author shall include a general preferential claim on the
assets of a debtor. This claim shall be exercisable also after bankruptcy and a settlement by the
court.
It shall be exercised immediately after the claim guaranteeing the wages of employees.
Art. 39 – In the case of posthumous works, the rights mentioned in Article 18 shall belong to the
successors of the author for the period provided for in the first subparagraph of Article 36 above,
if the work is disclosed during the period provided for in this Article.
Where the work is disclosed after that period has expired, the right shall belong to the owners of
the manuscripts or originals in which the work is embodied if they publish them or have them
published.
Posthumous works shall be published separately except where they constitute only a fragment of
a work published previously. They may not be attached to previously published works by the
same author unless the author’s successors still enjoy the economic rights therein.