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The provisions of the foregoing paragraph shall not apply where the means of
implementation are goods commonly available for sale to the public, unless the third
party incites the person he supplies to commit acts prohibited by Article 53 above.
Persons who perform the acts referred to in Article 55 below shall not be considered
persons authorized to work the invention, as defined by the first paragraph of this
Article.
Article 55
A patent shall not confer on its owner the rights in:
(a) acts relating to products that have been introduced into the commerce of any
country by the owner or another person authorized by the right holder or with
economic ties to that patent owner. For these purposes, two persons shall be
considered to have economic ties when one of the persons is able to exercise a
decisive influence over the other, either directly or indirectly, with respect to the
working of the patent or when a third party is able to exert that influence over both
persons.
Article 56
The rights deriving from a patent application or a patent may be transferred either in
full or in part.
The rights may be the subject, either in full or in part, of a license for exclusive or
non-exclusive use, as well as an encumbrance.
The rights conferred by the patent application or patent may be asserted against a
licensee who infringes one of the limits of his license imposed in accordance with the
previous paragraph.
Subject to the provisions of Article 19 above, the transfer of the rights referred to in
the first paragraph of this Article shall not infringe the rights acquired by third parties
prior to the date of transfer.
Acts comprising transfer or a license, as referred to in the first two paragraphs above,
shall be recorded in writing, on pain of invalidation.
Article 57
Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, the licensee shall benefit as of right from
such certificates of addition deriving from the patent forming the subject matter of the
license, as are granted after the date on which the contract for the license to work is
signed, to the owner of the patent or his successors in title.
Conversely, the owner of the patent or his successors in title shall benefit from any
certificates of addition deriving from the patent that are granted subsequently to the
licensee starting from the date on which the contract for the license to work is signed.