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an article specifically designed or adapted for making copies of that particular work, unless he
satisfies the court that he did not know and had no reasonable grounds for knowing that the
article would be used for making such infringing copies.
(2) Copyright in a work is infringed by a person who, without the licence of the
copyright owner, transmits the work by electronic means (otherwise than by broadcasting or
by means of a cable transmission service) knowing or having reason to believe that infringing
copies of the work will be made by means of the reception of the transmission in Zambia or
elsewhere.
Acts which do not constitute infringements
21.—(1) Subject to subsection (2), the following acts shall not constitute infringement
of copyright:
(a) fair dealing with a work for private study or for the purposes of research done by an
individual for his personal purposes, otherwise than for profit;
(b) fair dealing with a work for the purposes of criticism or review, whether of that
work or any other work, provided there is a sufficient acknowledgement;
(c) fair dealing with a work for the purposes of reporting current events—
(i) in a newspaper, magazine or similar periodical, provided there is a sufficient
acknowledgement; or
(ii) by broadcasting or by inclusion in a cable program service or by its use in an
audiovisual work;
(d) the reproduction of a work for the purposes of judicial proceedings, or of any other
proceedings before a tribunal established by law, or for the purposes of a report of judicial
proceedings or any other such proceedings;
(e) the reading or recitation in public of any reasonable extract from a published literary
work, provided there is a sufficient acknowledgement;
(f) the reproduction of a work for the purposes of the education system of Zambia—
(i) by a teacher or pupil in the course of instruction, provided that the reproduction is
not made by means of an appliance capable of producing multiple copies; or
(ii) as part of the questions to be answered in an examination; or
(iii) in answer to such questions;
(g) the performance of a dramatic work by the staff and students of a school or other
educational institution for the purposes of the education system of Zambia in the course of the
activities of the school or institution, if the audience is composed exclusively of—
(i) the staff and students of the school or institution; or
(ii) the parents and guardians of the students; or
(iii) other persons directly connected with the activities of the school or institution;
(h) the incidental inclusion of a work in an artistic work, audiovisual work, sound
recording, broadcast or cable program;