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11. Determined to develop human resources, to fight ignorance, to promote
technological advancement and the social welfare of the people of Rwanda;
12. Considering that after the Transition period, Rwanda shall be governed by
a Constitution comprising ideas expressed by Rwandans themselves;
• Source of constitutional authority
Now hereby adopt, by referendum, this Constitution as the supreme Law of the
Republic of Rwanda:
TITLE I: THE STATE AND NATIONAL
SOVEREIGNTY
CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
• Type of government envisioned
Article 1
The Rwandan State is an independent, sovereign, democratic, social and secular
Republic;
The principle governing the Republic is "government of the people, by the people and
for the people".
Article 2
All the power derives from the people.
No group of Rwandan people or an individual can vest in themselves the exercise of
power.
• Referenda
• Subsidiary unit government
National sovereignty belongs to rwandans who shall exercise it directly by way of
referendum or through their representatives.
Article 3
The Territory of Rwanda is divided into administrative entities determined by an
Organic Law which determines their number, their boundaries and their
organisation
A Law shall determine the organisation and the functioning of those entities.
• National capital
Article 4
The Capital of the Republic of Rwanda is the City of Kigali.
A Law shall determine the organization and functioning of the City of Kigali.
The Capital can, by Law, be transferred elsewhere within Rwanda.
• Official or national languages
Article 5
The national language is Kinyarwanda.
The official languages are Kinyarwanda, French and English.
Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2010)
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