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• Reference to fraternity/solidarity
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Article 46
Every citizen has the duty to relate to other persons without discrimination and to
maintain relations conducive to safeguarding, promoting and reinforcing mutual
respect, solidarity and tolerance.
• Duty to serve in the military
Article 47
All citizens have the duty to participate, through work, in the development of the
country; to safeguard peace, democracy, social justice and equality and to participate
in the defence of the motherland.
A Law shall organize national service, whether civil or military.
• Duty to obey the constitution
Article 48
In all circumstances, every citizen, whether civilian or military, has the duty to
respect the Constitution, other Laws and regulations of the country.
He/she has the right to defy orders received from his/her superior authority if the
orders constitute a serious and manifest violation of human rights and public
freedoms.
• Protection of environment
Article 49: Right and duty to a clean and healthy
environment and the duty to protect it
Every person has a right to a clean and healthy environment.
Every person has the duty to protect, safeguard and promote the environment. The
State shall ensure the protection of environment.
An Organic Law shall determine the modalities for protecting, safeguarding and
promoting the environment.
• Right to culture
Article 50
Every citizen has the right to activities that promote national culture.
There is hereby established the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture.
A Law shall determine its responsibilities, organization and functioning.
• Right to culture
• Reference to country's history
Article 51: Safeguarding cultural traditions and memorial
sites of genocide against the Tutsi
The State shall have the responsibilities to safeguard and to promote positive values
based on cultural traditions and practices so long as they do not conflict with human
rights, public order and good morals. The State shall equally have the responsibilities
to preserve national cultural heritage as well as memorials and sites of genocide
against the Tutsi.
Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2010)
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