153. Registration of the mark shall confer on its owner a right of ownership over this
mark for the goods or services he has designated.
154. It shall be unlawful, unless the owner has given his authorization:
(a) to reproduce, use or affix a mark, even with the addition of words such as “formula,
type, system, imitation, kind, method”, or to use a reproduced mark, for goods or services
which are identical to those covered by the registration;
(b) to remove or amend a duly affixed mark.
155. It shall be unlawful, unless authorized by the owner, if this could create confusion
in the mind of the public:
(a) to reproduce, use or affix a mark, and to use a reproduced mark for goods or
services which are similar to those covered by the registration;
(b) to imitate a mark and to use an imitated mark, for goods or services which are
identical or similar to those covered by the registration.
Chapter IV
Transfer and loss of rights
SECTION I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
156. The rights deriving from a registered mark may be transferred either in full or in
part.
They may be the subject, in full or in part, of the grant of an exclusive or non-exclusive
license to work, as well as a pledge.
The rights conferred by the registration of the mark may be asserted against a licensee
who infringes one of the limits of his license imposed in accordance with the previous
paragraph.
Subject to the provisions of Article 142 above, transfer of the rights referred to in the
first paragraph of this Article shall not infringe the rights acquired by third parties prior to the
date of transfer.
Acts comprising transfer or a license, referred to in the first two paragraphs above, shall
be recorded in writing, on pain of invalidation.
157. To be binding on third parties, any acts transferring, amending or affecting the
rights deriving from a registered mark must be entered in a register known as the “National
Register of Marks”, kept by the entity responsible for industrial property.
However, an act shall be binding prior to such entry on third parties who have acquired
the rights after the date of this act with notice of the act when the rights were acquired.
Acts amending the ownership of a registered mark or the enjoyment of the rights
deriving therefrom, such as assignment, licensing, the making or assignment of an
encumbrance or the surrender thereof, seizure, validation and lifting of seizure, shall be
entered with the entity responsible for industrial property at the request of one of the parties to
the act.
For entries of references further to a court decision which has become final, the
registrar’s office shall send, within 15 days following the date of said decision, to the entity