(c) the use of the work by way of illustration in publications, broadcasts or sound or visual recordings
for teaching to the extent justified by the purpose, or communication for teaching purposes of the
work broadcast or distributed by cable for use in schools, educational establishments, universities
and professional training, provided that such use is compatible with fair practice and that the source
and the name of the author of the work are mentioned in the publication, broadcast or recording.
2. In the case of an article published in newspapers or periodicals on current economic, political or
religious topics, and in the case of the broadcast of any work of the same character:
the reproduction of such an article or such a work in the press, or the communication of it to the
public, shall be subject to the source of the work being clearly indicated when used in such a
manner. However, such use shall not be permissible if the article, when published, or the broadcast
work, when broadcast, is accompanied by any express condition prohibiting such use.
3. For the purpose of reporting on a current event by means of photography, cinematography or
communication to the public, the reproduction or making available to the public, to the extent
justified by the informative purpose, of any work that can be seen or heard in the course of the said
current event.
4. The reproduction of works of art or of architecture through cinematography or television and the
communication of such works to the public if such works are permanently located in a place where
they can be viewed by the public or are included in the film or program by way of background or as
incidental to the essential matters represented.
Similarly, the reproduction of works of architecture through photography, cinematography,
television or any other similar process, in addition to the publication of corresponding photographs
in the press, periodicals and textbooks, shall be free and may not give rise to copyright payment.
5. The reproduction by a photographic or similar process by public libraries, non‐commercial
documentation centers, scientific institutions and educational establishments, of literary and artistic
works which have already been lawfully made available to the public, provided that such
reproduction and the number of copies made are limited to the needs of their regular activities and
that such reproduction does not conflict with the normal uses of the work nor unreasonably
prejudices the legitimate interests of the author.
6. The reproduction in the press or the communication to the public of:
(a) any political speech or any speech delivered during legal proceedings;
(b) any lecture, address, sermon or other work of the same nature delivered in public, provided that
the use is exclusively for the purpose of current information. However, the author shall retain the
right to publish a collection of such works.
Article 27
1. The reproduction, in a single copy, or the adaptation of a computer program by the lawful owner
of a copy of that computer program shall be permitted without the authorization of the author and
without payment of a separate remuneration, provided that the copy or adaptation is necessary:
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