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• Right to join trade unions
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Article 77: Trade unions
The law shall regulate the establishment and administration of professional
syndicates on a democratic basis, guarantee their independence, and specify their
resources and the way members are recorded and held accountable for their
behavior while performing their professional activities, according to ethical codes of
moral and professional conduct.
No profession may establish more than one syndicate. Receivership may not be
imposed nor may administrative bodies intervene in the affairs of such syndicates,
and their boards of directors may only be dissolved by a judicial ruling. All legislation
pertaining to a given profession shall be submitted to the relevant syndicate for
consultation.
• Right to shelter
• Human dignity
Article 78: Housing
The state guarantees citizens the right to decent, safe and healthy housing, in a way
that preserves human dignity and achieves social justice.
The state shall draft a national housing plan that upholds environmental
particularity, and guarantees the contribution of personal and collaborative
initiatives in its implementation. The state shall also regulate the use of state lands
and provide them with basic facilities, as part of a comprehensive urban planning
framework for cities and villages and a population distribution strategy. This must be
done in a way that serves the public interest, improves the quality of life for citizens
and preserves the rights of future generations.
The state shall draft a comprehensive, national plan to address the problem of
informal areas that includes providing infrastructure and facilities and improving
quality of life and public health. The state shall also guarantee the provision of
necessary resources to implement the plan within a specified time frame.
• Protection of environment
Article 79: Food
Each citizen has the right to healthy, sufficient amounts of food and clean water. The
state shall provide food resources to all citizens. It also ensures food sovereignty in a
sustainable manner, and guarantees the protection of agricultural biological
diversity and types of local plants to preserve the rights of generations.
• Rights of children guaranteed
Article 80: Rights of the child
A child is considered to be anyone who has not reached 18 years of age. Children
have the right to be named and possess identification papers, have access to free
compulsory vaccinations, health and family care or an alternative, basic nutrition,
safe shelter, religious education, and emotional and cognitive development.
• State support for children
The state guarantees the rights of children who have disabilities, and ensures their
rehabilitation and incorporation into society.
• Limits in the employment of children
The state shall care for children and protect them from all forms of violence, abuse,
mistreatment and commercial and sexual exploitation.
• Limits in the employment of children
Every child is entitled to early education in a childhood center until the age of six. It is
prohibited to employ children before they reach the age of having completed their
primary education, and it is prohibited to employ them in jobs that expose them to
risk.
The state shall establish a judicial system for child victims and witnesses. No child
may be held criminally responsible or detained except in accordance with the law
and the time frame specified therein. Legal aid shall be provided to children, and they
Egypt 2014
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