constituteproject.org
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development.
The state commits to the development of the tax system, and adoption of modern
systems to achieve efficiency, ease and accuracy in tax collection. The law specifies
the methods and tools to collect taxes, fees, and any other sovereign returns, and
what is deposited in the state treasury.
• Duty to pay taxes
Paying taxes is a duty, and tax evasion is a crime.
Article 39: Savings
Saving is a national duty that is protected and encouraged by the state. The state
safeguards savings in accordance with the law.
Article 40: Confiscation of property
• Protection from expropriation
Public confiscation of property is prohibited.
Private confiscation is prohibited except based on a court judgment.
Article 41: Housing
The state commits to the implementation of a housing program that aims at
achieving balance between population growth rates and the resources available,
maximizing investment in human energy, and improving its features, within the
framework of achieving sustainable development.
Article 42: Workers’ share in management
Workers have a share in the management of projects and their profits. They are
committed to developing production and implementing the plan in their production
units as per the law. Maintaining the tools of production is a national duty.
Workers’ representatives on the boards of public sector units are 50 percent of the
number of elected members. Their representation on the boards of public business
sector companies takes place in accordance with the law.
The law regulates the representation of small farmers and small craftsmen that is no
less than 80 per cent of the boards of directors of agricultural, industrial and trade
cooperatives.
• Protection of environment
Article 43: Suez Canal
The state commits to protecting, developing and maintaining the Suez Canal as an
international waterway that it owns. It is also committed to the development of the
canal sector as a significant economic pillar.
• Protection of environment
• Reference to science
Article 44: The Nile
The state commits to protecting the Nile River, maintaining Egypt’s historic rights
thereto, rationalizing and maximizing its benefits, not wasting its water or polluting
it. The state commits to protecting its mineral water, to adopting methods
appropriate to achieve water safety, and to supporting scientific research in this
field.
Every citizen has the right to enjoy the Nile River. It is prohibited to encroach upon it
or to harm the river environment. The state guarantees to remove encroachments
thereon. The foregoing is regulated by law.
Egypt 2014
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