Part IV
Rule of Law
Article (94)
The rule of law shall be the basis of governing in the State.
The State shall be governed by Law. The independence, immunity and impartiality of the
judiciary are essential guarantees for the protection of rights and freedoms.
Article (95)
Penalties are personal. There shall be no crime or punishment except pursuant to a law, and a
penalty may only be inflicted by a court judgment. Penalty shall only be imposed for acts
committed after the effective date of the law imposing it.
Article (96)
The accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a fair legal trial in which the
right to defend himself is guaranteed.
The law shall regulate the appeal of judgments passed on felonies.
The State shall provide protection to victims, witnesses, accused and informants as necessary and
in accordance with the Law.
Article (97)
Litigation is a right that is safeguarded and an inalienable right for all. The State shall guarantee
the accessibility of judicature for litigants and rapid adjudication on cases. It is prohibited to
immunize any administrative act or decision from judicial review. No person may be tried except
before the ordinary judge. Exceptional courts are prohibited.
Article (98)
The right of defense either in person or by proxy is guaranteed. The independence of the legal
profession and the protection of its rights is a guarantee for the right of defense.
The law shall provide all means by which those who are financially unable can resort to justice
and defend their rights.
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