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((7) works of architecture, comprising also designs, models and the building itself;
((8) sculptures, basrelief and mosaics of all kinds;
((9) photographic works, to which are assimilated, for the purposes of this Law, works
expressed by a process analogous to photography;
((10) cinematographic works, to which are assimilated, for the purposes of this Law,
works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography;
((11) geographical maps, illustrations, plans, sketches and threedimensional works
relative to geography, topography, architecture and science;
((12) computer programs, expressed in source code or object code.
Art. 4. Derived works
The authors of translations, adaptations, transformations or arrangements of works of
the mind or expressions of folklore shall enjoy the protection afforded by this Law,
without prejudice to the rights of the author of the original work.
The same shall apply to the authors of anthologies or collections of works,
expressions of folklore or data such as databases that, by reason of the selection or
the arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations.
Art.5. The title of a work of the mind shall enjoy the same protection as the work
itself, in so far as it presents a materialized idea.
Art.6. "Original work" means a work that, by its characteristic elements and its form,
or by its form alone, enables its author to be identified. "Derivative work" means a
work based on preexisting elements.
Art.7. A work shall be deemed to have been created, irrespective of any public
disclosure, by the mere fact of realization of the author’s concept, even if incomplete.
Art.8. Nonprotected works
Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 3 and 4, protection shall not apply to:
((a) laws, judicial decisions, decisions of administrative bodies, as well as official
translations of such texts;
((b) news of the day or to miscellaneous facts having the character of mere items of
press information, published, broadcast or communicated to the public;
((c) ideas, processes, systems, operating systems, concepts or principles
themselves, although protection shall extend to their expression.
Chapter 2 – Authors’ rights
Art.9. Moral rights
((1) Moral rights shall consist of the author’s right to:
((1) decide on the disclosure of his work;
((2) respect for his name and authorship;
((3) respect for the integrity of his work.
((2) The name of the author shall be given on each copy that reproduces a work and
each time that a work is made available to the public, to the extent and in the manner
that is customary.
((3) A work may not undergo any modification without the author’s consent given in
writing. No person shall be entitled to make a reproduced work available to the