(e) have, without payment, the assistance of an
interpreter if he cannot understand the language
used at the trial of the offence.
(7) When any person is tried for any criminal offence, the court or tribunal shall keep
a record of the proceedings and the accused person or any persons authorised by him
in that behalf shall be entitled to obtain copies of the judgement in the case within
seven days of the conclusion of the case.
(8) No person shall be held to be guilty of a criminal offence on account of any act
or omission that did not, at the time it took place, constitute such an offence, and no
penalty shall be imposed for any criminal offence heavier than the penalty in force at
the time the offence was committed
(9) No person who shows that he has been tried by any court of competent
jurisdiction or tribunal for a criminal offence and either convicted or acquitted shall
again be tried for that offence or for a criminal offence having the same ingredients
as that offence save upon the order of a superior court.
(10) No person who shows that he has been pardoned for a criminal offence shall
again be tried for that offence.
(11) No person who is tried for a criminal offence shall be compelled to give
evidence at the trial.
(12) Subject as otherwise provided by this Constitution, a person shall not be
convicted of a criminal offence unless that offence is defined and the penalty
therefor is prescribed in a written law, and in this subsection, a written law refers to
an Act of the National Assembly or a Law of a State, any subsidiary legislation or
instrument under the provisions of a law.
37. The privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic
communications is hereby guaranteed and protected.
38. (1) Every person shall be entitled to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including
freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom (either alone or in community with others, and in
public or in private) to manifest and propagate his religion or belief in worship, teaching, practice and
observance.
(2) No person attending any place of education shall be required to receive religious
instruction or to take part in or attend any religious ceremony or observance if such
instruction ceremony or observance relates to a religion other than his own, or
religion not approved by his parent or guardian.
(3) No religious community or denomination shall be prevented from providing
religious instruction for pupils of that community or denomination in any place of
education maintained wholly by that community or denomination.
(4) Nothing in this section shall entitle any person to form, take part in the activity or
be a member of a secret society.
39. (1) Every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, including freedom to hold opinions and to
receive and impart ideas and information without interference.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) of this section, every person shall be
entitled to own, establish and operate any medium for the dissemination of information, ideas and
opinions:
Provided that no person, other than the Government of the Federation or of a State or any other
person or body authorised by the President on the fulfilment of conditions laid down by an Act of
the National Assembly, shall own, establish or operate a television or wireless broadcasting
station for, any purpose whatsoever.