Article 19
Free Ephemeral Recording
by Broadcasting Organizations
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 9, a broadcasting organization may, without
the consent of the author and without payment of separate remuneration, make an ephemeral
recording by means of its own facilities and for the purposes of its own broadcasts of a work
it is authorized to broadcast. The broadcasting organization shall be required to destroy such
recording within six months of it having been made, unless a longer period has been agreed
with the author of the work thus recorded.
However, without such agreement, a single copy of such registration may be kept for
the exclusive purpose of the conservation of archives.
Article 20
Free Public Performance
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 9, it shall be permitted, without the consent of
the author and without payment of remuneration, to publicly perform a work
(i) at official ceremonies to the extent justified by the nature of the ceremonies;
(ii) at religious ceremonies on premises intended for that purpose;
(iii) as part of the activities of a teaching establishment for the staff and students of
such establishment, if the audience is constituted exclusively by the staff and students of the
establishment or by the parents and supervisors or other persons directly related to the
activities of the establishment.
Article 21
Importing for Personal Purposes
The importing of a copy of a work by a natural person, for personal purposes, shall be
permitted without the consent of the author or of any other holder of the copyright in the
work.
Chapter V
Term of Protection
Article 22
Term of Protection: General
Except as otherwise provided in this Chapter, the economic rights in a work shall be
protected during the lifetime of the author and for seventy years after his death.
The moral rights shall be without limit in time. After the expiry of protection of the
economic rights, the national collective rights administration body referred to in Article 60
shall be entitled to ensure compliance with the moral rights for the benefit of the authors.
Article 23
Term of Protection for Works of Joint Authorship
The economic rights in a work of joint authorship shall be protected during the lifetime
of the last surviving author and for seventy years after his death.