ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ .
2ـ
ﻴﻠﻐﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ، 1952ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻅل ﺠﻤـﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻠـﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ
ﺘﻌﺩل ﺃﻭ ﺘﻠﻐﻰ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ .
ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ .
3ـ
ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺽ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ :
" ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ "
ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻯ ﺸﺊ ﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ
ﻭﻻ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ
ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻌﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘ ﹰ
ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ
ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺃﻯ ﻋﻘﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘﻭل ﺁﺜﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ
ﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ
ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ
ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ
ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻻﺕ
ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ،
"ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ " ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻰ
ﻭﺘﻀﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ،
" ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ "
ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻯ
ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺒﺎﻁﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ
ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ،
"ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻰ" ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻜل ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل
ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ،
" ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ "
" ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺸﻑ "
ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ،
ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ،
Select target paragraph3