period, the identity of the author is disclosed or leaves no doubt, in which case the provisions of Article 22 or Article 23 shall apply. Article 25: Term of Protection for Collective and Audiovisual Works The economic rights in a collective work or in an audiovisual work shall be protected until the expiry of a period of fifty (50) years after such a work has been lawfully made accessible to the public or, failing such an event occurring during the period of fifty (50) years as from the making of the work, fifty (50) years as from its making. Article 26: Term of Protection for Works of Applied Art The economic rights in a work of applied art shall be protected until the expiry of a period of twenty-five (25) years as from the making of such work. Article 27: Calculation of Terms In this Chapter, each time limit shall expire at the end of the calendar year during which it would normally lapse. Chapter VI: Ownership of Rights Article 28: General The author of a work shall be the first owner of the moral and economic rights in his work. Article 29: Ownership of Rights in Works of Joint Authorship The joint authors of a work of joint authorship shall be the first joint owners of the moral and economic rights in that work. However, if a work of joint authorship may be divided into independent parts (that is to say if the parts of such work may be reproduced, performed or otherwise used separately), the joint authors shall enjoy independent rights in those parts, whilst remaining joint owners of the rights in the work of joint authorship considered as a whole. Article 30: Ownership of Rights in Collective Works The first owner of the moral and economic rights in a collective work shall be the natural or legal person on whose initiative and under whose responsibility the work has been created and who publishes it in his name. Article 31: Ownership of Rights in Works Created Under a Work Contract Where a work is created by an author on behalf of a natural or legal person (hereinafter the employer) within the framework of a work contract and his employment, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the first owner of the economic and moral rights shall be the author, but the economic rights in the work shall be deemed to have been transferred to the employer to the extent justified by the habitual activities of the employer at the time of the creation of the work. Article 32: Ownership of Rights in Audiovisual Works (1) In the case of an audiovisual work, the first owners of the moral and economic rights shall be the joint authors of the work (such as the director, the scriptwriter and the composer of the music). The authors of preexisting works adapted or used for audiovisual works shall be deemed to have been assimilated to such joint authors. 10