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The modalities of management and of concession of the domain of the State
specified in the preceding paragraph are determined by the law.
Chapter 2: Of Nationality
• Requirements for birthright citizenship
Article 10
Congolese nationality is one and exclusive. It may not be held concurrently with any
other.
• Requirements for naturalization
The Congolese nationality is either of origin, or by individual acquisition.
Any person belonging to an ethnic group of which the members [personnes] and the
territory are constituent to that which became the Congo (presently the Democratic
Republic of the Congo) at independence, is Congolese of origin.
TITLE II: OF HUMAN RIGHTS, OF
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS AND OF THE
DUTIES OF THE CITIZEN AND OF THE
STATE
Chapter 1: Of Civil and Political Rights
• Human dignity
Article 11
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and in rights. However, the
enjoyment of political rights is recognized to Congolese only, save for the exceptions
established by the law.
• General guarantee of equality
Article 12
All Congolese are equal before the law and have the right to equal protection of the
laws.
• Equality regardless of creed or belief
• Equality regardless of social status
• Equality regardless of tribe or clan
• Equality regardless of political party
• Equality regardless of parentage
• Equality regardless of race
• Equality regardless of language
• Equality regardless of religion
• General guarantee of equality
• Equality regardless of gender
Article 13
No Congolese person may, in matters of education or of access to public functions or
any other matter, be subject to a discriminatory measure, that results from the law
or from an act of the executive, for reason of his religion, of his family origin, of his
social condition, of his residence, of his opinion or political convictions, or his
belonging to a certain race, to an ethnicity, to a tribe, [or] to a cultural or linguistic
minority.
Article 14
The public powers see to the elimination of any form of discrimination concerning
women and assure the protection and the promotion of their rights.
Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011)
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