copyright in the work with respect to publication of the work in a newspaper, magazine or
similar periodical or reproduction of the work for the purpose of such publication, but in all
other respects the employee shall be the owner of the copyright subsisting in the work by
virtue of section 3 or 4.
(2) Where a person commissions the taking of a photograph, the painting or drawing of a
portrait, or the making of a gravure, cinematograph film or sound recording against payment
of any valuable consideration, the person who commissions such work shall, subject to
subsection (1), be the owner of any copyright subsisting in the work by virtue of section 3 or
4.
(3) Where, in a case not falling within either subsection (1) or (2), a work is made by an
employee in the course of his or her employment under a contract of service or
apprenticeship, such person's employer shall be the owner of any copyright subsisting in the
work by virtue of section 3 or 4.
(4) Subsections (1), (2) and (3) shall have effect subject to any agreement excluding the
operation thereof and subject to section 25.
(5) Ownership of any copyright conferred by section 5 shall vest in the State or the
international organisation concerned and not in the author.
28 Assignment and licences in respect of copyright
(1) Subject to this section, copyright shall be transmissible as movable property by
assignment, testamentary disposition or operation of law.
(2) An assignment or testamentary disposition of copyright may be limited so as to apply(a) only to one or more of the acts which the owner of the copyright has the exclusive right to
do or authorise;
(b) to a part only of the term of the copyright; or
(c) to a specified country or other geographical area.
(3) An assignment of copyright or an exclusive licence to do an act which is subject to
copyright shall not have effect unless it is in writing signed by or on behalf of the assignor,
the licenser or, in the case of an exclusive sub-licence, the exclusive sub-licenser, as the case
may be.
(4) A non-exclusive licence to do an act which is subject to copyright may be granted in
writing or orally, or may be inferred from conduct, and may be revoked at any time, but
where such a licence was granted by contract it shall not be revoked by the licenser or his or
her successor in title, except in accordance with the provisions of such contract or by a
further contract.
(5) An assignment, licence or testamentary disposition may be granted or made in respect of
the copyright in a future work, or the copyright in an existing work in which, although
copyright does not subsist therein, copyright will come into existence in the future, and the
future copyright in any such work shall be transmissible as movable property.
(6) A testamentary disposition of the original document or other material on which a work is
first written or otherwise recorded shall, in the absence of a stipulation to the contrary, be