‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬ـ ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻐﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ، 1952‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻅل ﺠﻤـﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻠـﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩل ﺃﻭ ﺘﻠﻐﻰ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬ـ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺽ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ‪:‬‬ ‫" ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ "‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻯ ﺸﺊ ﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻌﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺃﻯ ﻋﻘﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘﻭل ﺁﺜﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ " ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻀﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫" ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘﻴﺏ "‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺒﺎﻁﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫"ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻰ" ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻜل ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺨﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪،‬‬ ‫" ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ "‬ ‫" ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺸﻑ "‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬