page 19 (c) the reproduction of a fixation of its broadcasts; (d) the communication to the public of its television broadcasts. YH CHAPTER II Equitable Remuneration for the Use of Phonograms Equitable Remuneration for Broadcasting or Communication to the Public Article 53 When a phonogram published for commercial purposes, or a reproduction of this phonogram, is used directly for public broadcasting or communication, not including any interactive transmissions, equitable and single remuneration, intended both for the performers and/or the producers of phonograms, shall be paid by the user. The sum received for the use of a phonogram shall be divided half-and-half between the performers and the phonogram producers. CHAPTER III Free Uses General Provisions Article 54 Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 50 to 53, the following acts shall be permitted without the authorization of the successors in title mentioned in these articles and without the payment of a fee: (a) reporting of current events, provided that use is made only of short fragments of a performance, phonogram or broadcast; (b) reproduction solely for the purposes of scientific research; (c) reproduction as part of teaching activities, apart from when the performances or phonograms have been published as material intended for educational purposes; (d) citation, as short fragments, of a performance, phonogram or broadcast, provided that such citations are properly used and are justified by their information aim; (e) all other uses representing exceptions in relation to protected works pursuant to the provisions of this Law. Free Use of Performances Article 55 As soon as the performers have authorized the incorporation of their performance in a fixation of images, or of images and sounds, the provisions of Article 50 shall cease to be applicable. YH Free Use by Broadcasting Organizations Article 56 The authorizations required under Articles 50 to 52 to make fixations of performances and broadcasts, reproduce such fixations and phonograms published for commercial purposes shall not be required when the fixation or reproduction is made by a broadcasting organization using its own means and for its own broadcasts, provided that: 19