ARTICLE 9 FRAUDULENT TRAFFIC a) RURA shall consider International incoming communication traffic as fraudulent when it is; electronic i. managed by an entity without the license or authorization issued by RURA required for the management of international voice traffic; ii. managed by a licensed operator but not declared to RURA; iii. managed by a licensed operator but sold at a rate below the minimum rate as provided for in the Schedule to these Regulations; iv. any traffic by third parties or carriers that transmits traffic to Rwanda where a network operator is unable to bill or collect payment; v. where there is a reasonable expectation that an end user is not likely to pay the telephone bill because the calls are disputed as not originating from the telephone line for which the respective end user is responsible; vi. where calls are being made to inflate payments; vii. The use of the telecommunications network with the intention of avoiding payment or without correct payment or with no payment at all; b) RURA shall provide the necessary regulatory surveillance by actively pursuing the elimination of fraudulent traffic. To achieve this and where applicable, RURA may further specifically direct or order for any of the following; i. Network operators to effectively carry out or comply with any fraud surveillance obligations; ii. The disclosure of fraud user sim; iii. The deactivation of any fraud user sim; iv. To provision of a balance reporting on a fraud user sim; v. To enhancement of the collection of all bypass fraud evidence; vi. The sharing of fraud information; Regulations for International Gateway Traffic Verification System for Network Operators in Rwanda