SECTION: 2.26 TERM OF COPYRIGHT IN WORKS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS In the case of a work of an international organization, copyright shall subsist until a period of fifty years from the time the work is first published. If the work is not published before fifty years after its making, it shall be protected for fifty years after its making. SECTION: 2.27 COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT AND OTHER RIGHTS OF THE OWNER (a) INITIAL OWNERSHIP - Copyright in a work protected under this Chapter vests initially in the author or authors of the work. The authors of a joint work are co­ owners of copyright in the work. (b) WORKS MADE FOR HIRE - In the case of a work made for hire, the employer or other person for whom the work was prepared is considered the author for purposes of this Chapter, and unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by them, owns all of the rights comprised in the copyright. (c) CONTRIBUTION TO COLLECTIVE WORKS - Copyright in each separate contribution to a collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole, and vests initially in the author of the contribution. In the absence of an expressed transfer of the copyright or any rights under it, the owner of copyright in the collective work is presumed to have acquired only the privilege of reproducing and distributing the contribution as part of that particular collective work, any revision of that collective work, and any later collective work in the same series. The physical person whose name is indicated on a work in the usual manner as the author shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presumed to be the author of the work. This provision shall be applicable even if the name of a pseudonym, where the pseudonym leave no doubt as to the identity of the author. (d) (e) TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP (I) The ownership of a copyright in an existing work or the prospective ownership in a future work may be transferred in whole or in part by any means of conveyance or by operation of law, and may be bequeathed by will or pass as personal property by the applicable laws of interstate succession. Provided that in the case of the transfer of copyright in any future work, the transfer shall take effect only when the work comes into existence. (2) Any of the exclusive rights comprised in a copyright, including any subdivision of any of the rights specified by the section under Exclusive Rights may be transferred as provided by clause (l) and owned separately. The owner of any particular exclusive rights is entitled, to the extent of the right, to all of the protection and remedies accorded to the copyright owner by this Chapter. INVOLUNTARY TRANSFER - When an author's ownership of a copyright, or of any of the exclusive rights under a copyright, has not previously been transferred voluntarily by that author, no action by any government body or other official or organization purporting to seize, expropriate, transfer, or exercise rights of ownership with respect to the copyright, or any of the exclusive rights under a copyright, shall be given effect under this Chapter. 28