4.
(1) Every pleading shall contain a statement in a summary form of the material facts on which the
party pleading relies for his claim or defence, as the case may be. but not the evidence by which
they are to be proved, and shall, when necessary, be divided into paragraphs, and numbered
consecutively.
(2)
Dates, sums and numbers shall be expressed in figures but may also be expressed in words.
(3)
Pleadings shall be signed by a legal practitioner or by the party if he sues or defends in person.
How facts are to be stated
(4) The facts shall be alleged positively, precisely and distinctly, and as briefly as is consistent with a
clear statement.
Particulars to be given where necessary.
5.
In all cases in which the party pleading relies on any misrepresentation, fraud, breach of
trust, willful default, or undue influence, and in all other cases in which particulars may be
necessary, particulars (with dates and items if necessary) shall be stated in the pleadings.
Matters which must be specifically pleaded.
6.
(1) a party shall plead specifically any matter (for example, performance, release, and any relevant
statute of limitation, fraud or any fact showing illegality) which if not specifically pleaded might take
the opposite party by surprise.
(2)
Any condition precedent, the performance or occurrence of which is intended to be contested,
shall be distinctly specified in his pleading by the plaintiff or the defendant, as the case may be;
and, subject thereto, an averment of the performance or occurrence of all conditions precedent
necessary for the case of the plaintiff or the defendant shall be implied in his pleading.
(3)
Without prejudice to sub-rule (1) of this rule, a defendant in an action for the recovery of land shall
plead specifically every ground of defence on which he relies and a plea that he is in possession
of the land by himself or his tenant is not sufficient.
Further and better statement or particulars.
7.
(2)
( 3 )
( 1 ) A further and better statement of the nature of the claim or defence, or further and better
particulars of any matter stated in any pleading, notice or written proceeding requiring particulars,
may in all cases be ordered, upon such terms as to costs and otherwise, as may be just.
Letter for particulars.
Before applying for particulars by summons or notice, a party may apply for them by Idler
and the costs of the letter and of such particulars delivered pursuant to the delivery of the
letter shall be allowable on taxation.
Particulars before defence.
Particulars of a claim shall not be ordered under this rule to be filed before defence unless the
Court or Judge in Chambers is of the opinion that they are necessary or desirable to enable
the defendant to plead or ought for any other special reason to be so delivered.