defamatory sense other than their ordinary meaning, he shall give particulars of the facts and matters on which
he relies in support of his allegation.
6. (1) A party shall plead specifically any matter (for example, performance, release, any relevant statute or
limitation, fraud or any tact showing illegality) which, if not specifically pleaded might take the opposite party
by surprise.
(2) Any condition precedent, the performance or occurrence of which is intended to be contested, shall be
distinctly specified in his pleading by the plaintiff or the defendant, as the case may be; and subject thereto, an
averment of the performance or occurrence of all conditions precedent necessary for the case of the plaintiff or
the defendant shall be implied in his pleading.
(3) Without prejudice to paragraph (1) of this rule, a defendant in an action for the recovery of land shall plead
specifically every ground of defence on which he relies and a plea that he is in possession of the land by himself
or his tenant shall not be sufficient.
7. (1) A further and better statement of the nature of the claim or defence, or further and better particulars of any
matter stated in any pleading, notice or written proceeding requiring particulars, may in all cases be ordered,
upon such terms as to costs and otherwise, as may be just.
(2) Before applying for particulars by summons or notice, a party may apply for them by letter.
(3) The costs of the letter and of any particulars delivered pursuant thereto shall be allowable on taxation.
(4) In dealing with the costs of any application for particulars by summons or notice, the provisions of this rule
shall be taken into consideration by the Court or Judge in chambers.
(5) Particulars of a claim shall not be ordered under this rule to be filed before defence unless the Court or Judge
in chambers is of the opinion that they are necessary or desirable to enable the defendant to plead, or ought for
any other special reason to be so delivered.
8. (1) The party at whose instance particulars have been filed under a Judge's order shall, unless the order
otherwise provides, have the length of time for pleading after the service of the particulars upon him that he had
initially.
(2) Except as provided in this rule, an order for particulars shall not, unless the order otherwise provides, operate
as a stay-of proceedings or give any extension of time.
9. Every allegation of fact in any pleading, not being a petition or summons, if not denied specifically or by
necessary implication or stated to be not admitted in the pleading of the opposite party, shall be taken to be
admitted, except as against an infant, lunatic or person of unsound mind not adjudged a lunatic.
10. (1) If there is no reply to a defence, there is an implied joinder of issue on that defence.
(2) Subject to paragraph (3) of this Order(a) there is at the close of the pleadings an implied joinder or issue on the pleading last served; and
(b) a party may in his pleading expressly join issue on the next preceding pleading.
(3) There shall be no joinder of issue, implied or expressed, on a statement of claim or counter-claim.
(4) A joinder of issue shall operate as a denial of every material allegation of fact made in the pleading on which
there is an implied or express joinder of issue unless, in the case of an express joinder of issue, any such
allegation is excepted from the joinder and is stated to be admitted, in which case, the express joinder of issue
shall operate as a denial of every other such allegation.
11. No pleading, not being a petition or summons, shall, except by way of amendment, raise any new ground of
claim or contain any allegation of fact inconsistent with the previous pleadings of the party pleading the same.