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• Designation of commander in chief
approval of the House of Representatives with a two-thirds majority of its members.
If the House of Representatives is dissolved, the Supreme Council of the Armed
Forces (SCAF) must be consulted and the approval of the Cabinet and National
Defense Council must be obtained.
• Head of state powers
• International organizations
• Selection of active-duty commanders
Article 153: Appointment of civil and military personnel
and diplomats
The President of the Republic appoints civil and military personnel and diplomatic
representatives and dismisses them, and confirms political representatives to
foreign countries and organizations in accordance with the law.
• Emergency provisions
Article 154: State of emergency
The President of the Republic declares, after consultation with the Cabinet, a state
of emergency in the manner regulated by law. Such proclamation must be submitted
to the House of Representatives within the following seven days to consider it.
If the declaration takes place when the House of Representatives is not in regular
session, a session is called immediately in order to consider the declaration.
In all cases, the declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a majority
of members of the House of Representatives. The declaration is for a specified
period not exceeding three months, which can only be extended by another similar
period upon the approval of two-thirds of House members. In the event the House of
Representatives is dissolved, the matter is submitted to the new House in its first
session.
The House of Representatives cannot be dissolved while a state of emergency is in
force.
• Power to pardon
Article 155: Pardon and amnesty
The President of the Republic may issue a pardon or mitigate a sentence after
consulting with the Cabinet.
General amnesty may only be granted in a law, which is ratified by a majority of
members of the House of Representatives.
• Extraordinary legislative sessions
• Head of state decree power
Article 156: Decrees that have the force of law
In the event that the House of Representatives is not in session, and where there is a
requirement for urgent measures that cannot be delayed, the President of the
Republic convenes the House for an emergency session to present the matter to it. In
absence of the House of Representatives, the President of the Republic may issue
decrees that have the force of law, provided that these decrees are then presented
to the House of Representatives, discussed and approved within 15 days from the
date the new House convenes. If such decrees are not presented to the House and
discussed, or if they are presented but not approved, their legality is revoked
retroactively, without the need to issue a decision to that effect, unless the House
affirms their validity for the previous period, or chooses to settle the consequent
effects.
Egypt 2014
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