4.1.13 Public Exposure to the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)
a) The operator shall comply with the guidelines established by
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)
for public exposure to radiation as outlined in annex A.
b) Timely independent random audits shall be carried out by RURA to
ensure conformity to ICNIRP guidelines. Schools, nurseries and other
sensitive sites shall be audited more frequently.
c) The beam of greatest radio frequency intensity from a base station sited
within or near education facilities or hospitals (health facilities) shall not
be permitted to fall on any part of the grounds or buildings of the
institution without the consultation of the Authority (RURA).
d) The operator shall avoid siting towers in or near wetlands, near known
bird concentration areas or in habitat of listed as threatened or
endangered species or in migratory bird’s routes.
e) For each RF hazard area, an operator shall ensure warning signs are in
place in a location and in a manner that is appropriate so that they are
clearly visible. Refer to annex C
f) Antenna sites should be designed in such a way that the public cannot
access such areas, the nearest the public can be from an antenna should
not be less than 3 m.
g) The signal of the strongest intensity should not land on the ground at a
horizontal distance less than 100m from the foot of the antenna.
h) The antenna should not be less than 15m from the ground.
i) For roof mounted antennas, the transmitting antennas should be kept
away from the areas where people are most likely to be.
j) For the purpose of annual audit, all the operators shall provide to RURA
details of all their base stations countrywide. This shall include the
name of operating company; their emissions; the height of the antenna
above ground level; the date that transmission started; the frequency
range and signal transmission characteristics. Both the Authority and
Operator shall keep this information.
k) The Authority shall conduct both random and regular inspections of
communication masts and facilities to ensure compliance to these
guidelines.
4.1.14 Pre-existing facility, towers or antennas
All wireless communication facilities existing on or before the effective date of
these guidelines shall be allowed to continue as they presently exist except in
the case described by 4.2.5.1, provided however, that any significant
modification on an existing wireless communication facility must comply with
these guidelines, including submitting an application for such modifications. If
any violations exist as of the effective date of these guidelines or arise in the
future at any wireless communication facility, including at any wireless
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