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(c) the reproduction of a fixation of its broadcasts;
(d) the communication to the public of its television broadcasts.
YH
CHAPTER II
Equitable Remuneration for the Use of Phonograms
Equitable Remuneration for Broadcasting or
Communication to the Public
Article 53
When a phonogram published for commercial purposes, or a reproduction of this
phonogram, is used directly for public broadcasting or communication, not including any
interactive transmissions, equitable and single remuneration, intended both for the
performers and/or the producers of phonograms, shall be paid by the user.
The sum received for the use of a phonogram shall be divided half-and-half between the
performers and the phonogram producers.
CHAPTER III
Free Uses
General Provisions
Article 54
Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 50 to 53, the following acts shall be permitted
without the authorization of the successors in title mentioned in these articles and without the
payment of a fee:
(a) reporting of current events, provided that use is made only of short fragments of a
performance, phonogram or broadcast;
(b) reproduction solely for the purposes of scientific research;
(c) reproduction as part of teaching activities, apart from when the performances or
phonograms have been published as material intended for educational purposes;
(d) citation, as short fragments, of a performance, phonogram or broadcast, provided that
such citations are properly used and are justified by their information aim;
(e) all other uses representing exceptions in relation to protected works pursuant to the
provisions of this Law.
Free Use of Performances
Article 55
As soon as the performers have authorized the incorporation of their performance in a
fixation of images, or of images and sounds, the provisions of Article 50 shall cease to be
applicable.
YH
Free Use by Broadcasting Organizations
Article 56
The authorizations required under Articles 50 to 52 to make fixations of performances and
broadcasts, reproduce such fixations and phonograms published for commercial purposes
shall not be required when the fixation or reproduction is made by a broadcasting
organization using its own means and for its own broadcasts, provided that:
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