constituteproject.org
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The treaties and agreements only take effect after having been approved and
ratified.
• Accession of territory
• Referenda
• Secession of territory
• International law
• Treaty ratification
• Legal status of treaties
No cession, no exchange, no addition of territory, is valid without the consent of the
People expressed by way of referendum.
Article 220
If the Constitutional Council, referred to [the matter] by the
Republic or by the President of the National Assembly, has
international engagement contains a clause contrary to the
authorization of ratification may only intervene after the
Constitution.
• Treaty ratification
• Legal status of treaties
President of the
declared that an
Constitution, the
revision of the
Article 221
The Treaties or Agreements regularly ratified have, on their publication, an authority
superior to that of the national laws, under reserve for each Agreement or Treaty of
its application by the other party.
Title XV: Of Revision
• Constitution amendment procedure
Article 222
The initiative of revision belongs concurrently to the President of the Republic, after
decision taken in the Council of Ministers, and to the members of the National
Assembly.
To be taken into consideration, the bill or the proposal of revision must be voted with
the majority of three-fifths (3/5) of the members of the National Assembly.
• Referenda
• Unamendable provisions
The revision of the Constitution is approved by referendum or by the vote of the
majority of two-thirds (2/3) of the members of the National Assembly.
Article 223
No procedure of revision may be engaged or pursued when it infringes:
• the integrity of the territory, the independence, or the national unity;
• the republican form of the State, the principle of the separation of powers
and secularity;
• the freedoms and fundamental rights of the citizen;
• the policy [of] pluralism.
• Unamendable provisions
Article 224
No procedure of revision may be engaged when the President of the Republic
exercises the exceptional powers or when the Interim President exercises the
functions of President of the Republic in accordance with the provisions of Articles
87 and 76 of this Constitution.
Chad 1996 (rev. 2005)
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