Article 16: Free Reproduction and Adaptation of Computer Programs
(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8. the legitimate owner of a copy of a computer
program may, without the author’s authorization or payment of separate remuneration, make
a copy or adapt this program, provided that the copy or adaptation is:
(i) required for use of the computer program for purposes for which the program has been
obtained, and
(ii) for archiving purposes and in order to replace the copy lawfully held where that copy may
be lost, destroyed or made unusable.
(2) No copy or adaptation may be made for purposes other than those provided for in
paragraph (1), and any copy or adaptation shall be destroyed, where extended possession of
the copy of the computer program ceases to be lawful.
Article 17: Free Ephemeral Recording
by Broadcasting Organizations
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8, a broadcasting organization may, without the
consent of the author and without payment of separate remuneration, make an ephemeral
recording by means of its own facilities and for the purposes of its own broadcasts of a work
it is authorized to broadcast. The broadcasting organization shall be required to destroy such
a recording within six months of it having been made, unless a longer period has been
agreed with the author of the work thus recorded. However, without such agreement, a
single copy of such a recording may be kept for the exclusive purpose of the conservation of
archives.
Article 18: Free Resale and Public Loan
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8, it shall be permitted, without the consent of the
author and except in the case provided for under Article 9 without payment of remuneration:
(i) to resell, or to transfer in any other way, the ownership of a copy of a work after the
first sale or another transfer of ownership of the copy;
(ii) for a library or archive service whose activities are not directly or indirectly profitmaking, to lend a copy of a written work other than a computer program to the public.
Article 19: Free Public Performance
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 8, it shall be permitted, without the consent of the
author and without payment of remuneration, publicly to perform a work:
(i) at official or religious ceremonies to the extent justified by the nature of the ceremonies;
(ii) as part of the activities of a teaching establishment for the staff and students of such an
establishment, if the audience consists exclusively of the staff and students of the
establishment or of the parents and supervisors of the students or other persons directly
related to the activities of the establishment.
Article 20: Importing for Personal Purposes
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