published and have entered into force in the international legal system, for as
long as they are internationally binding upon the Angolan state.
Article 14
(Private property and free initiative)
The state shall respect and protect the private property of individuals and corporate
bodies and free economic and entrepreneurial initiatives exercised within the terms
of the Constitution and the law.
Article 15
(Land)
1. Land, which is by origin the property of the state, may be transferred to
individuals or corporate bodies, with a view to its rational and full use, under
the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. Access to and use of land by local communities shall be recognised by law.
3. The provisions contained in the previous points do not compromise the
possibility of expropriation for public use, with just compensation, under the
terms of the law.
Article 16
(Natural resources)
The solid, liquid and gaseous natural resources existing in the soil and subsoil, in
territorial waters, in the exclusive economic zone and in the continental shelf under
the jurisdiction of Angola shall be the property of the state, which shall determine
the conditions for concessions, surveys and exploitation, under the terms of the
Constitution, the law and international law.
Article 17
(Political parties)
1. Within the framework of the Constitution and the law, political parties shall
compete on the basis of a project for society and a political programme for
the organisation and expression of the will of citizens, participating in
political life and universal suffrage by democratic and peaceful means and
respecting the principles of national independence, national unity and
political democracy.
2. The constitution and functioning of political parties must, in accordance with
law, respect the following fundamental principles:
a) National character and scope;
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