The appellant was accused of competing unlawfully with the second respondent ("Uthingo"), who was a permitted user of the trademark "Lotto". The first respondent, the National Lotteries Board, was the registered proprietor of the trademark in terms of the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 ("the Act"). three questions needed to be answered. The first was whether the registered trademark "Lotto" be removed from the trademark register because it was wrongly entered and wrongly remains on the register as envisaged by section 24(1) of the Act. The second question was whether the appellant in conducting its business passed that business off as that of the National Lotteries Board or as connected in the course of trade with the board. Finally, it had to be determined whether the business carried on by the appellant involved the selling of tickets for the National Lottery which resulted in contraventions of sections 56 and 57 of the Lotteries Act 57 of1997.