Part VI
General & Transitional Provisions
Chapter One
General Provisions
Article (222)
The city of Cairo is the capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
Article (223)
The national flag of the Arab Republic of Egypt consists of three colors; black, white, and red
with an eagle taken from the “Eagle of Salah El Din” in golden yellow. The emblem,
decorations, insignia, seal and the national anthem shall be determined by Law.
Desecration of the Egyptian flag shall be a crime punishable under the law.
Article (224)
All the provisions stipulated by laws and regulations prior to the promulgation of this
Constitution shall remain in force, and they may neither be amended nor repealed except in
accordance with the regulations and procedures prescribed herein.
The state shall be obliged to issue laws executing the provisions of this Constitution.
Article (225)
Laws shall be published in the Official Gazette within 15 days from the date of their issuance, to
be effective after 30 days from the day following the date of publication, unless the law specifies
a different date.
Provisions of the laws shall only apply from the date of their entry into force. However, in
articles pertaining to non-criminal and non-tax-related matters, the contrary may be provided for
in the law, upon approval by a majority of two thirds of the members of House of
Representatives.
Article (226)
The amendment of one or more articles of the Constitution may be requested by the President of
the Republic or one-fifth of the members of the House of Representatives. The request shall
specify the articles requested to be amended and the reasons for such amendment.
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