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Lands vacant and without owner are part of the domain of the State.
Article 140
The Decentralized Territorial Collectivities are provided with a regulatory power.
The State sees to it that the regulation of one Decentralized Territorial Collectivity
does not affect the interests of another Decentralized Territorial Collectivity.
• Reference to fraternity/solidarity
The State sees to the harmonious development of all the Decentralized Territorial
Collectivities on the basis of national solidarity, of regional potentialities and of the
inter-regional equilibrium by provisions of adjustment.
• Reference to fraternity/solidarity
Special measures will be taken in favor of the development of the least advanced
zones, including the constitution of a special fund of solidarity.
• Protection of environment
Article 141
The Decentralized Territorial Collectivities assure with the participation of the
State, notably, public security, civil defense, the administration, the territorial
development, the economic development, the preservation of the environment and
the amelioration of the framework of life.
In these domains, the law determines the division of the competences in
consideration of the national interests and of the local interests.
Article 142
The Decentralized Territorial Collectivities enjoy financial autonomy.
They prepare and administer their budget according to the principles applicable in
the matter of the administration of the public finances.
The budgets of the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities benefit from the
resources of diverse natures.
Article 143
The Decentralized Territorial Collectivities of the Republic are the Communes, the
Regions and the Provinces.
The creation and the delimitation of the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities must
respond to the criteria of geographic, economic, social and cultural homogeneity.
They are decided by the law.
• National vs subnational laws
Article 144
The Decentralized Territorial Collectivities freely administer themselves through
assemblies that govern, through their deliberations, the affairs devolved to their
competence by this Constitution and by the law.
These deliberations may not be contrary to the constitutional, legislative, and
regulatory provisions.
Article 145
The representation of the State before the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities is
governed by the law.
Madagascar 2010
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