Albion Chemical Company (Pty) Ltd v
FAM Products CC
[2004] 1 All SA 194 (C)
Division:
Cape of Good Hope Provincial Division
Date:
3 December 2003
Case No:
8303/03
Before:
Traverso DJP
Sourced by:
C Webster and AD Maher
Summarised by:
MT Naidoo
Parallel Citation:
2004 (6) SA 264 (C)
. Editor's Summary . Cases Referred to . Judgment .
[1] Trade Marks Registered trade mark Infringement of Likelihood of "deception" or "confusion" Comparison
between registered trade mark and allegedly infringing mark Onus on the Applicant to prove a probability of "deception"
or "confusion".
[2] Trade Marks Registered trade mark Passingoff Comparison between registered trade mark and allegedly
infringing mark is wider with passingoff Matters are compared extraneous of the marks.
[3] Word and phrases "Deception" or "confusion" Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 Sections 34(1)(a) and 34(1)(c)
When there is a probability that a person or persons will be deceived into thinking that the Respondent's product is that
of the Applicant's; that there is a material connection between the Respondent's product and the Applicant as the
producer and marketer of the products in issue; is confused as to whether or not there is any such connection.
Editor's Summary
The Applicant was the manufacturer and distributor of a product called ("Albex"). The Respondent had commenced
manufacturing and distributing a similar product under the name ("All Blax"). The Applicant contended that the
Respondent was infringing the Applicant's rights as the registered proprietor of the Albex trade mark, and was
passing off goods as those of the Applicant. The main issue that the present Court had to determine was whether
there was an infringement in terms of the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 ("the Act").
Held The Court held that the onus rested on the Applicant to prove a probability of "deception" or "confusion" in
terms of section 34(1)(a) of the Act. It had to be determined whether on comparison of the marks and on the entire
getup they were likely to deceive or cause confusion.
The Court held that it was trite in trade mark infringement, that the comparison was limited to a comparison of
the infringing mark with that of the registered trade mark.
Section 34(1)(a)
The Court held that the comparison must be made with reference to sense, sound and appearance and that the
similarity of any one of the three may suffice to give rise to deception or confusion sufficient to constitute an
infringement of trade mark. The Court explained that "deception" and "confusion" existed when there is a
probability that a person or persons will be deceived into thinking:
(a)
That the Respondent's product is that of the Applicant's; or
(b)
That there is a material connection between the Respondent's product and the Applicant as the producer and
marketer of the products in issue; or
(c)
is confused as to whether or not there is any such connection.
Page 195 of [2004] 1 All SA 194 (C)
The Court held that the Applicant had established that the mark used by the Respondent so nearly resembled the
Applicant's registered trade mark as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion.
Section 34(1)(c)
The Court held that section 34(1)(c) gave additional protection to a wellknown trademark. This protection was
against use of a competing mark, which would be likely to take unfair advantage or be detrimental to the distinctive
character or repute of the registered trademark "notwithstanding the absence of deception and��confusion". The
Court was satisfied that the Applicant had established grounds for the interdict sought in terms of section 34(1)(c).
Passingoff
The Court held that the comparison with passingoff was a much wider one, comparing matters extraneous of the
marks. In the instant case it was held that the Respondent's product was designed to "deceive" and "confuse" and
that although there were differences they were minor and immaterial.
Court was satisfied that the Applicant was entitled to the relief claimed.
Notes