person going through it does not sufficiently understand the foreign system" (per Schutz JA in the unreported case
of Standard Bank Investment Corporation v The Competition
View Parallel Citation
Commission and others3 case 44/2000).
Page 134 of [2001] 2 All SA 126 (T)
According to the evidence considerable time and effort was extended in devising the trade mark in question for the
purposes of rendering it distinctive and furthermore the mark has in fact become distinctive as a consequence of the
enormous use which has been made of it. Consequently, so the argument went, there is no basis on which the
mark should be expunged in terms of the provisions of section 9 of the Act. As section 10(2)(a) of the Act refers back
to section 9 there is likewise no basis for expunging the mark in terms of the provisions of section 10(2)(a).
In considering this ground of applicant's attack I am of the view that it is a fallacy to equate the recognition of an
article with the article's capacity to fulfil the trade mark purpose or function of being capable of distinguishing that
article from the same article produced by another manufacturer. Such recognition as the respondents contend for
does not mean that the public regard and use the shape as the badge or sign or the crucial reference which
distinguishes the article from the same article produced by another manufacturer. During crossexamination it was
suggested to professor Van Oudtshoorn that it is a pharmacists' job to deal with the dispensing of tablets and that
pharmacists become familiar with tablet shapes as they impinge on the memory of the pharmacist and the
pharmacist becomes familiar with the shapes of tablets in the sense that he recognises them. That may be so but it
is in my view, a far cry from identifying such shapes as trade marks performing the function of a trade mark.
Features of appearance must indicate to potential buyers that the goods are those of the first respondent and not
those of any other manufacturer.
No evidence has been forthcoming identifying the specific feature or features of shape which are alleged to be
distinctive. On the other hand applicant placed before the court samples of elliptical, biconvex tablets having a band
of which professor Van Oudtshoorn confirmed that they were the same as or substantially similar to the trade mark
in question (exhibit 3A). Van Oudtshoorn during his testimony confirmed the allegations made by applicant in its
founding affidavit to demonstrate, with reference to examples of pharmaceutical products which are manufactured
by a variety of different manufacturers and sold in a generally oval or cylindrical shape, that the shape of first
respondent's Augmentin tablet is not capable of distinguishing. These examples consisted not only of
pharmaceutical products which were not antibiotics but also examples of antibiotics manufactured by various
pharmaceutical manufacturers in a tablet form identical or very similar to that depicted on the registration of the
trade mark in question. Van Oudtshoorn was not challenged on that evidence.
I should indicate that respondents seek to limit the field of pharmaceutical products which are relevant to the
issue of the distinctiveness or nondistinctiveness of the trade mark in question to the field of antibiotics only. In my
view there is no merit in this limitation.
Apart from
View Parallel Citation
the fact that the same shape of tablet may be found in a number of categories and that therefore the whole field of
pharmaceutical products must be considered when assessing whether or not a particular shape of tablet is
distinctive, the trade mark in question is registered in class 5 which inter alia encompasses pharmaceutical products.
The representation of the trade mark in question consists of a photograph which depicts two views of the tablet.
The one view consists essentially of a plan view of an elliptically shaped tablet. Van Oudtshoorn in his further
affidavit referred to various standard works on tableting in which references to oval or elliptical shapes of tablet are
made. It is, in my view, apparent from the references that such shapes
Page 135 of [2001] 2 All SA 126 (T)
are not distinctive and unique. Van Oudtshoorn confirmed these references in his oral evidence and this evidence
was not challenged.
The other view of the tablet is a side view representing a biconvex tablet having a wall thickness or band
around the circumference of the tablet. Van Oudtshoorn again confirmed in his evidence that a biconvex tablet with
a wall thickness is a standard tablet feature and once again this evidence was not challenged.
Van Oudtshoorn's unchallenged further evidence was that from an examination of the trade mark in question:
it is not possible to tell what pharmaceutical it is by the shape alone;
it is not possible to tell what the active ingredient is by shape alone;
it is not possible to tell for what application the tablet is intended by shape alone;
it is not possible to tell what class of pharmaceutical it is by shape alone;
it is not possible to tell whether the tablet is for an overthecounter or prescription pharmaceutical by shape alone; and
it is not possible to tell whether the product is an antibiotic or other pharmaceutical by shape alone.