Article 29:
The existence or conclusion of a contract for hire by the author of a work of the mind shall not
provide an exemption from the enjoyment of copyright as recognized under this Law.
Copyright in the work created within this context shall in the first instance belong to the
author, except where a clause to the contrary in the contract exists.
However, where a three-dimensional work or a portrait is created on commission, the author
shall not have the right to exploit the work by any means whatsoever without the
authorization of the person who commissioned the work.
In the event of manifest abuse by the owner preventing the exercise of the right of
disclosure, the court may, at the request of the author, his successors in title or the Minister of
Culture, order any appropriate measures.
Article 30:
Where a work created by an author on behalf of a natural or legal person (hereinafter “the
employer”) within the framework of a work contract and his employment, the original owner
of the moral and economic rights shall be the author, however, the economic rights in this
work shall, in the absence of a clause to the contrary in the contract, be considered transferred
to the employer to the extent justified by the usual activities of the employer at the time the
work is created.
Article 31:
Where a work is created by a civil servant of the State or one of its smaller constituent units in
the course of duty, the moral and economic rights in the work shall belong to the State.
Where the work is produced by a collaborator of the administration but not linked thereto by a
contract governed by public law and within the context of his duties, the provisions of this
Law concerning the ownership of rights in works created during the performance of a contract
for hire of services shall apply.
Article 32:
Works created by students or interns of training establishments shall belong to their authors.
However, economic rights resulting from the disclosure of their works may be shared in
accordance with the rules of the establishment. In the event of a dispute, the competent court
shall decide.
Article 33:
Authorship of an audiovisual work shall belong to the natural person or persons who have
carried out the intellectual creation of this work. In the absence of proof to the contrary, the
following shall be presumed to be the co-authors of a collaborative audiovisual work:
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the author of the script;
the author of the adaptation;
the author of the dialog;
the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for
the work;