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Article 16
The State and the society protect the family.
Article 17
No one is supposed to ignore the law.
Article 18
Every citizen has the duty of protecting and of safeguarding the independence of the country, its
sovereignty and the integrity of its territory.
Treason, espionage, joining [passage] the enemy as well as all the infractions committed with
prejudice to the security of the State, are repressed [réprimés] with all the rigor of the law.
Article 19
Every citizen must loyally fulfill his obligations towards the national collectivity and respect public
property and private property.
The citizens enjoy the same rights and the same duties vis-à-vis the Nation. They participate equally
in the construction [edification] of the Fatherland and have right, under the same conditions, to
sustainable development and to an environment balanced and respectful of health.
Article 20
The citizens are equal concerning the taxes.
Each must participate in the public charges as a function of their contributive capacity.
No tax can be instituted except by virtue of a law.
Article 21
Every alien who resides legally on the national territory enjoys, for his person and his assets, the
protection of the law.
Article 22
No one can be extradited except by virtue of the laws and conventions of extradition.
Title II
Of the Executive Power
Article 23
The President of the Republic is the Head of the State. He is of Muslim religion.
Article 24
The President of the Republic is the guardian of the Constitution. He incarnates the State. He assures,
through his arbitration, the continuous and regular functioning of the public powers.
He is the guarantor of the national independence and of the integrity of the territory.
Mauritania 1991 (rev. 2012)
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