Article 16
No one shall be arrested or accused except by virtue of a law promulgated prior to the charges
against him. No citizen shall be forced into exile.
Article 17
Any person accused of an unlawful act shall be presumed innocent until his culpability has been
legally established in the course of a public lawsuit during which all guarantees necessary to his
free defence shall have been assured to him. No one shall be condemned for actions or
omissions which, at the moment when they were committed, did not constitute an infraction
according to the national law. Likewise, he may not have a more severe penalty inflicted than that
which was applicable at the time when the offence was committed.
Article 18
No one shall be submitted to torture, nor to maltreatment, nor to cruel, inhumane or degrading
treatment. No one shall have the right to prevent a detainee or an accused person from being
examined by a doctor of his choice. No one may be detained in a penal institution if he does not
fall under the provisions of a penal law in force. No one may be detained for a duration greater
than forty-eight hours except by a decision of the magistrate before whom he must have been
presented. This delay may be prolonged only in circumstances exceptionally provided for by law
and may not exceed a period greater than eight days.
Article 19
Any individual or any agent of the state who shall be found responsible for an act of torture or of
maltreatment or of cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment in the exercise of, or at the time of the
exercise of his duties, whether of his own initiative or whether under instruction, shall be punished
in accordance with the law. Any individual or any agent of the state shall be absolved of the duty
of obedience when the order received shall constitute a serious and manifest infringement with
respect to human rights and public liberties.
Article 20
The domicile shall be inviolable. House visits or searches may be carried out only according to
the forms and conditions provided by law.
Article 21
The secrecy of correspondence and of communications shall be guaranteed by law.
Article 22
Every person has the right to his property. No one shall be deprived of his property except for
state-approved usefulness and in exchange for a just and prerequisite compensation.
Article 23
Every person has the right to freedom of thought, of conscience, of religion, of creed, of opinion
and of expression with respect for the public order established by law and regulations. The
exercise of a creed and the expression of beliefs shall take place with respect for the secularity of
the state. The institutions and the religious or philosophical communities shall have the right to
develop without hindrances. They shall not be subject to the guardianship of the state. They shall
regulate and administer their affairs in an autonomous manner.
Article 24
Freedom of the press shall be recognised and guaranteed by the state. It shall be protected by
the High Authority of Audio-Visuals and Communications under the conditions fixed by an organic
law.